core-plot: graphing library for iPhone
Core Plot is a plotting framework for Mac OS X and iPhone OS. It provides 2D visualization of data, and is tightly integrated with Apple technologies like Core Animation, Core Data, and Cocoa Bindings.

Core Plot is a plotting framework for Mac OS X and iPhone OS. It provides 2D visualization of data, and is tightly integrated with Apple technologies like Core Animation, Core Data, and Cocoa Bindings.

Rhomobile’s open source mobile application framework Rhodes lets you quickly build native mobile applications for all smartphone operating systems: iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Symbian and Android. Mobilizing with Rhomobile consists of creating a RhoSync source adapter, generating an application with Rhogen, editing your HTML templates and Ruby controller actions and building the resulting application in your mobile development environment of choice. These are true native device applications (not mobile web apps) which work with synchronized local data and take advantage of device capabilities such as GPS, PIM contacts and camera.
Tweetero is an open source Twitter client for Apple iPhone and iPod Touch released by ImageShack Corp.

MYCrypto is a high-level cryptography API for Mac OS X and iPhone. It’s an Objective-C wrapper around the system Keychain and CSSM APIs, which are notoriously hard to use, as well as CommonCrypto, which is easier but quite limited.
PhoneGap is a development tool that allows web developers to take advantage of the core features in the iPhone, Android, and Blackberry SDK using JavaScript.
Supported Features: Geo location, vibration and accelerometer.
The Big Five application for Apple iPhone and iPod touch is a simplified gateway to your Web Apps. Manage your Web Apps in a simple list view and open them by simply tapping on the name. The Web App will be shown in a clean page without distracting additional buttons.
But Big Five can do even more for Web Apps by providing a programming interface (API) to device specific functionalities like getting the current geo location, accessing the photo library and camera, etc.

iSqueak is a port of the Squeak Smalltalk environment to the iPhone and iPod touch.
Quotes from The Weekly Squeak:
The source code, along with installation instructions and other useful resources, is available at a new website: http://isqueak.org.
As had been discussed earlier, Michael notes that due to the legal requirements of the Apple Developer agreement at this time, they cannot distribute a fully functional Squeak VM via the Apple Store. However Licenced iPhone developers can deploy the VM as an Ad Hoc VM for testing to a limited number of devices.
In addition, anyone who has access to the Apple SDK can compile and run the port in the iPhone emulator.
Via The Punch Barrel

TouchCode is a repository of iPhone and iPod Touch source code, including TouchJSON, TouchXML and more:
TouchJSON is parser and generator for JSON implemented in Objective C.
TouchXML is a lightweight replacement for Cocoa’s NSXML cluster of classes. It is based on the commonly available Open Source libxml2 library.
TouchHTTPD is a Cocoa HTTP server designed to be embedded in Cocoa applications.
This project provides a component that you can add to your iPhone application to access all basic features of Google Maps (similar to Android’s MapView). It uses a UIWebView in the background to load the HTML/Javascript version of Google Maps, and offers a set of Objective-C methods that mimic a subset of the original Javascript methods for controlling the map. It currently supports setting the center location, and zooming & panning using the touch interface.

iTwtr is a simple web-based Twitter client specifically designed for the iPhone. It was created by Dan Phiffer. iTwtr is open source, so you can hack on the code and run it on your own server.